It might be difficult to pinpoint the primary cause of neck discomfort because of the involvement of numerous psychological, social, biological, and behavioural factors. According to recent studies, cervical proprioception is one of the key issues with neck discomfort, which then causes disruptions in cervical sensorimotor control. The cervical spine's proprioceptive system is a key component in the regulation of balance and posture.
Many sensorimotor signs or deficits are frequent presentations of neck discomfort.
numbness in arms and hands.
The cervical spine contains several mechanoreceptors that contribute to proprioceptive input. Via central and reflex routes, these receptors are linked to the vestibular, ocular, and central nervous systems. Mechanoreceptor information from the upper cervical area and muscles helps to synchronise vision and neck movement.
For instance, neck trauma, such as a whiplash injury, can cause the cervical receptors to become dysfunctional. Chemical alterations, such as those caused by inflammation, have an impact on receptor sensitivity. Muscle spindle sensitivity can change as a result of pain, psychosocial stress, and the central nervous system (CNS). The cervical afferent input is impacted by impairments and changes in the neck muscles (such as atrophy, degeneration, fatty infiltration, and tiredness) via altering proprioception, joint mechanics, and muscle spindle sensitivity.
Changes in the sensory input between the vestibular systems and the upper cervical spine lead to variations in postural stability. As a result, the patient experiences sensory mismatches that make them feel lightheaded or unsteady. This is because the vestibular structures of the patient are unable to discern between the erroneous information. The body tries to make up for a lack of equilibrium by increasing muscular activity and stiffness in neck pain patients.
Despite not having any vestibular issues, more than 70% of patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) report experiencing vertigo, and 50% report vision and balance issues. whiplash-associated.
Physiotherapy can help with:
Improves cervical proprioception and dizziness through manipulative treatment
Cervical proprioception is enhanced by neuromuscular control training.
Strengthening the cervical muscles through exercise improves balance.
Training in eye-neck coordination, proprioception, and gaze stability improves sensorimotor deficiencies, range of motion, and neck discomfort and impairment.
Vestibular rehabilitation can help whiplash injury patients with their balance issues and dizziness.
Balance rehabilitation
Therapy for trigger points
specific activities to improve neck proprioception
enhancing deep neck flexors.
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